Evaluate the IL-33 and SOD In T2DM Iraqi Patients and Its Roles in Disease Development
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(1) * Hamid AL-tameemi
Bilad Alrafidain University
Iraq
(2) Shahrazad Ahmed Khalaf Diyala University, College of Science , Diyala/Iraq
Iraq
(3) Dina Abdulrazaq Diyala University, College of basic education, Science department, Diyala/Iraq
Iraq
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
Background: Diabetes mellitus is a systematic disease associated with increase blood sugar which may occur due to defect with insulin synthesis or their action or both. The current study aimed to evaluate level of IL-33 in T2DM patients.
Materials and methods: Fifty adult patients diagnosed previously with Type 2 diabetic mellitus, and 40 persons were selected as healthy control group. Age, random blood sugar, and Weight data were collected from all participates, and by using enzyme linked immune sorbent assay two biomarkers were analyze for assessment human IL-33, and SOD concentrations in the serum of both groups.
Results: The result shown that there was non-significant difference in age and weight of patient group by compare with control. The result of RBS, shown there is highly significant increase in diabetic patient group in comparison with control group. The result parameter IL-33 shown there was significant increase in diabetic patient group in comparison with control group. Finally, there is significant decrease for SOD level in diabetic patient group in comparison with control group.
Conclusion: The elevation of IL-33 may play a role in T2DM development and could potentially lead to novel therapeutic approaches development.
References
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7.Cosentino, F., Grant, P.J., Aboyans, V., et al. "2019 ESC Guidelines on Diabetes, Pre-Diabetes, and Cardiovascular Diseases Developed in Collaboration with the EASD." Eur Heart J 41 (2020): 255–323.
8.Ad'hiah AH, Ahmed ZA, Al-Naseri MA, et al. Cytokine gene polymorphisms in Iraqi Arabs. Hum Immunol. 2018;79(2):91-92.
9.Ogurtsova, K., da Rocha Fernandes, J.D., Huang, Y., et al. "IDF Diabetes Atlas: Global Estimates for the Prevalence of Diabetes for 2015 and 2040." Diabetes Res Clin Pract 128 (2017): 40–50.
10.Cayrol, C., and Girard, J.-P. "IL-33: An Alarmin Cytokine with Crucial Roles in Innate Immunity, Inflammation and Allergy." Curr. Opin. Immunol. 31 (2014): 31–37.
11.Dalmas, E., Lehmann, F.M., Dror, E., Wueest, S., Thienel, C., Borsigova, M., Stawiski, M., Traunecker, E., Lucchini, F.C., and Dapito, D.H. "Interleukin-33-Activated Islet-Resident Innate Lymphoid Cells Promote Insulin Secretion through Myeloid Cell Retinoic Acid Production." Immunity 47 (2017): 928–942.e7.
12.Kumar, A., Gangwar, R., Ahmad Zargar, A., Kumar, R., and Sharma, A. "Prevalence of Diabetes in India: A Review of IDF Diabetes Atlas 10th Edition." Curr Diabetes Rev (2023). https://doi.org/10.2174/1573399819666230413094200.
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14.Song, S.H., and Hardisty, C.A. "Early-Onset Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Increasing Phenomenon of Elevated Cardiovascular Risk." Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 6 (2008): 315–322.
15.Sullivan, M.D., Anderson, R.T., Aron, D., et al. "Health-Related Quality of Life and Cost-Effectiveness Components of the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) Trial: Rationale and Design." Am J Cardiol 99 (2007): 90i–102i.
16.Pavkov, M.E., Bennett, P.H., Knowler, W.C., Krakoff, J., Sievers, M.L., and Nelson, R.G. "Effect of Youth-Onset Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on Incidence of End-Stage Renal Disease and Mortality in Young and Middle-Aged Pima Indians." JAMA 296 (2006): 421–426. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.296.4.421.
17.Nanayakkara, N., Curtis, A.J., Heritier, S., Gadowski, A.M., Pavkov, M.E., Kenealy, T., et al. "Impact of Age at Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Diagnosis on Mortality and Vascular Complications: Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses." Diabetologia 64 (2021): 275–287.
18.Nanayakkara, N., Pease, A.J., Ranasinha, S., et al. "Younger People with Type 2 Diabetes Have Poorer Self-Care Practices Compared with Older People: Results from the Australian National Diabetes Audit." Diabet. (2018).
19.Michael, L., Wintfeld, G., Li, Q., Alas, V., Langer, J., and Hammer, M. "The Association of Body Mass Index with the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A Case–Control Study Nested in an Electronic Health Records System in the United States." BioMed Central 6, no. 1 (2014): 50.
20.UKPDS Group. "UK Prospective Diabetes Study 16: Overview of 6 Years’ Therapy on Type II Diabetes: A Progressive Disease." Diabetes 44 (1995): 1249–1258.
21.The DCCT Research Group. "Weight Gain Associated with Intensive Therapy in the DCCT." Diabetes Care 11 (1988): 567–573.
22.Yki-Jarvinen, H., Nikkila, K., and Makimattila, S. "Metformin Prevents Weight Gain by Reducing Dietary Intake During Insulin Therapy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus." Drugs 58 (1999): 53–54; discussion 75–82.
23.Hall, S.E., Saunders, J., and Sonksen, P.H. "Glucose and Free Fatty Acid Turnover in Normal Subject and in Diabetic Subject Before and After Insulin Treatment." Diabetologia 16 (1979): 297–306.
24.Nair, K.S., Garrow, J.S., Ford, C., et al. "Effect of Poor Diabetic Control and Obesity on Whole Body Protein Metabolism in Man." Diabetologia 25 (1983): 400–403.
25.Torbay, N., Bracco, E.F., and Geliebter, A. "Insulin Increases Body Fat Despite Control of Feed Intake and Physical Activity." Am J Physiol 248 (1985): R120–R124.
26.Consoli, A., Nurjhan, N., Capani, F., and Gerich, J. "Predominant Role of Gluconeogenesis in Increased Hepatic Glucose Production in NIDDM." Diabetes 38 (1989): 550–557.
27. Jacob, A.N., Salinas, K., Adams‐Huet, B., and Raskin, P. "Weight Gain in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus." Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism 9, no. 3 (May 2007): 386-393.
28. Al, H.A. "The Relationship Between Some Biochemical Parameters and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Among Iraqi Patients." Iraqi Journal of Biotechnology 21, no. 2 (2022).
29.Patel, B., Dave, B., Dave, D., Karmakar, P., Shah, M., and Sarvaiya, B. "Comparison and Correlation of Glucose Levels in Serum and Saliva of Both Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Patients." Journal of International Oral Health 7, no. 8 (2015): 70–76.
30.Pereira, M.J., Azim, A., Hetty, S., Jui, B.N., Kullberg, J., Lundqvist, M.H., and Eriksson, J.W. "Interleukin-33 Inhibits Glucose Uptake in Human Adipocytes and Its Expression in Adipose Tissue is Elevated in Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes." Cytokine 161 (2023): 156080.
31.Dempsey, L.A. "Fat IL-33 Sources." Nat. Immunol. 20 (2019): 776.
32.Duffen, J., Zhang, M., Masek-Hammerman, K., et al. "Modulation of the IL-33/IL-13 Axis in Obesity by IL-13Rα2." J. Immunol. 200 (2018): 1347–1359.
33.Hasan, A., Kochumon, S., Al-Ozairi, E., Tuomilehto, J., and Ahmad, R. "Association Between Adipose Tissue Interleukin-33 and Immunometabolic Markers in Individuals with Varying Degrees of Glycemia." Dis. Markers 2019 (2019): 7901062.
34.Katsogiannos, P., Kamble, P.G., Pereira, M.J., et al. "Changes in Circulating Cytokines and Adipokines After RYGB in Patients with and without Type 2 Diabetes." Obesity (Silver Spring) 29 (2021): 535–542.
35.Moussion, C., Ortega, N., and Girard, J.P. "The IL-1-like Cytokine IL-33 is Constitutively Expressed in the Nucleus of Endothelial Cells and Epithelial Cells in Vivo: A Novel 'Alarmin'?" PLoS ONE 3 (2008): e3331.
36.Pereira, M.J., Skrtic, S., Katsogiannos, P., et al. "Impaired Adipose Tissue Lipid Storage, but not Altered Lipolysis, Contributes to Elevated Levels of NEFA in Type 2 Diabetes. Degree of Hyperglycemia and Adiposity are Important Factors." Metabolism 65 (2016): 1768–1780.
37.Tang, H., Liu, N., Feng, X., et al. "Circulating Levels of IL-33 are Elevated by Obesity and Positively Correlated with Metabolic Disorders in Chinese Adults." J Transl Med 19 (2021): 52.
38.Kai, Y., Gao, J., Liu, H., et al. "Effects of IL-33 on 3T3-L1 Cells and Obese Mice Models Induced by a High-Fat Diet." Int. Immunopharmacol. 101 (2021): 108209.
39.Maritim, A.C., Sanders, R.A., and Watkins, J.B. "Diabetes, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidants: A Review." J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol. 17, no. 1 (2003): 24–38.
40.Pham-Huy, L.A., He, H., and Pham-Huy, C. "Free Radicals, Antioxidants in Disease and Health." IJBS 4, no. 2 (2008): 89–96.
41.Moussa, S.A. "Oxidative Stress in Diabetes Mellitus." Romanian J. Biophys. 18, no. 3 (2008): 225–236.
42.Tiwari, B.K., et al. "Markers of Oxidative Stress During Diabetes Mellitus." J. Biomarkers (2013): Article ID 378790.
43.Matkovics, B., Varga, S.I., Szabo, L., and Witas, H. "The Effect of Diabetes on the Activities of the Peroxide Metabolism Enzymes." Horm Metab Res 14 (1982): 77–79.
44.Aebi, H. "Catalase." In Methods of Enzymatic Analysis, edited by Bergmeyer HU, 673–678. Verlag Chemie: Weinheim, 1974.
45.Kesavulu, M.M., Rao, B.K., Giri, R., Vijya, J.S., and Subramanyam, A.C.H. "Lipid Peroxidation and Antioxidant Enzyme Status in Type 2 Diabetics with Coronary Heart Disease." Diabetes Res Clin Pract 53 (2001): 33–39.
2.Al-Saffar OB, Ad'hiah AH. Genetic variants in IL4RA, IL6, and IL12B genes and susceptibility to hepatitis B and C virus infections among Iraqi patients. J Med Virol. 2020;92(12):3448-3458.
3.Schmidt, Ann Marie. "Highlighting Diabetes – the Epidemic Continues." Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 38, no. 1 (January 2018). Cited by Nutrients 14, no. 3 (January 19, 2022): 431.
4.Lascar, N., Brown, J., Pattison, H., Barnett, A.H., Bailey, C.J., and Bellary, S. "Type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Young Adults." Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol (2017). Cited by BMC Nephrol 23, no. 1 (March 25, 2022): 120.
5.American Diabetes Association. "Standards of Care in Diabetes-2023 Abridged for Primary Care Providers." Clin Diabetes 41 (2022): 4–31.
6.Khalaf, Ahmed, H. K. AL-Tameemi, and Y. Jasem Abdullah. "Detection of Genes ermB, mecA, bla Z and msrA in Uropathogenic Staphylococcus aureus Isolates between the Gram-Positive Bacteria that Cause Urinary Tract Infections." Iranian Journal of War and Public Health 14.1 (2022): 99-104.
7.Cosentino, F., Grant, P.J., Aboyans, V., et al. "2019 ESC Guidelines on Diabetes, Pre-Diabetes, and Cardiovascular Diseases Developed in Collaboration with the EASD." Eur Heart J 41 (2020): 255–323.
8.Ad'hiah AH, Ahmed ZA, Al-Naseri MA, et al. Cytokine gene polymorphisms in Iraqi Arabs. Hum Immunol. 2018;79(2):91-92.
9.Ogurtsova, K., da Rocha Fernandes, J.D., Huang, Y., et al. "IDF Diabetes Atlas: Global Estimates for the Prevalence of Diabetes for 2015 and 2040." Diabetes Res Clin Pract 128 (2017): 40–50.
10.Cayrol, C., and Girard, J.-P. "IL-33: An Alarmin Cytokine with Crucial Roles in Innate Immunity, Inflammation and Allergy." Curr. Opin. Immunol. 31 (2014): 31–37.
11.Dalmas, E., Lehmann, F.M., Dror, E., Wueest, S., Thienel, C., Borsigova, M., Stawiski, M., Traunecker, E., Lucchini, F.C., and Dapito, D.H. "Interleukin-33-Activated Islet-Resident Innate Lymphoid Cells Promote Insulin Secretion through Myeloid Cell Retinoic Acid Production." Immunity 47 (2017): 928–942.e7.
12.Kumar, A., Gangwar, R., Ahmad Zargar, A., Kumar, R., and Sharma, A. "Prevalence of Diabetes in India: A Review of IDF Diabetes Atlas 10th Edition." Curr Diabetes Rev (2023). https://doi.org/10.2174/1573399819666230413094200.
13.Rahelic, D. "7th Edition of IDF Diabetes Atlas: Call for Immediate Action." Lijec Vjesn 138 (2016): 57–58. [Article in Croatian]
14.Song, S.H., and Hardisty, C.A. "Early-Onset Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Increasing Phenomenon of Elevated Cardiovascular Risk." Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 6 (2008): 315–322.
15.Sullivan, M.D., Anderson, R.T., Aron, D., et al. "Health-Related Quality of Life and Cost-Effectiveness Components of the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) Trial: Rationale and Design." Am J Cardiol 99 (2007): 90i–102i.
16.Pavkov, M.E., Bennett, P.H., Knowler, W.C., Krakoff, J., Sievers, M.L., and Nelson, R.G. "Effect of Youth-Onset Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on Incidence of End-Stage Renal Disease and Mortality in Young and Middle-Aged Pima Indians." JAMA 296 (2006): 421–426. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.296.4.421.
17.Nanayakkara, N., Curtis, A.J., Heritier, S., Gadowski, A.M., Pavkov, M.E., Kenealy, T., et al. "Impact of Age at Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Diagnosis on Mortality and Vascular Complications: Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses." Diabetologia 64 (2021): 275–287.
18.Nanayakkara, N., Pease, A.J., Ranasinha, S., et al. "Younger People with Type 2 Diabetes Have Poorer Self-Care Practices Compared with Older People: Results from the Australian National Diabetes Audit." Diabet. (2018).
19.Michael, L., Wintfeld, G., Li, Q., Alas, V., Langer, J., and Hammer, M. "The Association of Body Mass Index with the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A Case–Control Study Nested in an Electronic Health Records System in the United States." BioMed Central 6, no. 1 (2014): 50.
20.UKPDS Group. "UK Prospective Diabetes Study 16: Overview of 6 Years’ Therapy on Type II Diabetes: A Progressive Disease." Diabetes 44 (1995): 1249–1258.
21.The DCCT Research Group. "Weight Gain Associated with Intensive Therapy in the DCCT." Diabetes Care 11 (1988): 567–573.
22.Yki-Jarvinen, H., Nikkila, K., and Makimattila, S. "Metformin Prevents Weight Gain by Reducing Dietary Intake During Insulin Therapy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus." Drugs 58 (1999): 53–54; discussion 75–82.
23.Hall, S.E., Saunders, J., and Sonksen, P.H. "Glucose and Free Fatty Acid Turnover in Normal Subject and in Diabetic Subject Before and After Insulin Treatment." Diabetologia 16 (1979): 297–306.
24.Nair, K.S., Garrow, J.S., Ford, C., et al. "Effect of Poor Diabetic Control and Obesity on Whole Body Protein Metabolism in Man." Diabetologia 25 (1983): 400–403.
25.Torbay, N., Bracco, E.F., and Geliebter, A. "Insulin Increases Body Fat Despite Control of Feed Intake and Physical Activity." Am J Physiol 248 (1985): R120–R124.
26.Consoli, A., Nurjhan, N., Capani, F., and Gerich, J. "Predominant Role of Gluconeogenesis in Increased Hepatic Glucose Production in NIDDM." Diabetes 38 (1989): 550–557.
27. Jacob, A.N., Salinas, K., Adams‐Huet, B., and Raskin, P. "Weight Gain in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus." Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism 9, no. 3 (May 2007): 386-393.
28. Al, H.A. "The Relationship Between Some Biochemical Parameters and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Among Iraqi Patients." Iraqi Journal of Biotechnology 21, no. 2 (2022).
29.Patel, B., Dave, B., Dave, D., Karmakar, P., Shah, M., and Sarvaiya, B. "Comparison and Correlation of Glucose Levels in Serum and Saliva of Both Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Patients." Journal of International Oral Health 7, no. 8 (2015): 70–76.
30.Pereira, M.J., Azim, A., Hetty, S., Jui, B.N., Kullberg, J., Lundqvist, M.H., and Eriksson, J.W. "Interleukin-33 Inhibits Glucose Uptake in Human Adipocytes and Its Expression in Adipose Tissue is Elevated in Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes." Cytokine 161 (2023): 156080.
31.Dempsey, L.A. "Fat IL-33 Sources." Nat. Immunol. 20 (2019): 776.
32.Duffen, J., Zhang, M., Masek-Hammerman, K., et al. "Modulation of the IL-33/IL-13 Axis in Obesity by IL-13Rα2." J. Immunol. 200 (2018): 1347–1359.
33.Hasan, A., Kochumon, S., Al-Ozairi, E., Tuomilehto, J., and Ahmad, R. "Association Between Adipose Tissue Interleukin-33 and Immunometabolic Markers in Individuals with Varying Degrees of Glycemia." Dis. Markers 2019 (2019): 7901062.
34.Katsogiannos, P., Kamble, P.G., Pereira, M.J., et al. "Changes in Circulating Cytokines and Adipokines After RYGB in Patients with and without Type 2 Diabetes." Obesity (Silver Spring) 29 (2021): 535–542.
35.Moussion, C., Ortega, N., and Girard, J.P. "The IL-1-like Cytokine IL-33 is Constitutively Expressed in the Nucleus of Endothelial Cells and Epithelial Cells in Vivo: A Novel 'Alarmin'?" PLoS ONE 3 (2008): e3331.
36.Pereira, M.J., Skrtic, S., Katsogiannos, P., et al. "Impaired Adipose Tissue Lipid Storage, but not Altered Lipolysis, Contributes to Elevated Levels of NEFA in Type 2 Diabetes. Degree of Hyperglycemia and Adiposity are Important Factors." Metabolism 65 (2016): 1768–1780.
37.Tang, H., Liu, N., Feng, X., et al. "Circulating Levels of IL-33 are Elevated by Obesity and Positively Correlated with Metabolic Disorders in Chinese Adults." J Transl Med 19 (2021): 52.
38.Kai, Y., Gao, J., Liu, H., et al. "Effects of IL-33 on 3T3-L1 Cells and Obese Mice Models Induced by a High-Fat Diet." Int. Immunopharmacol. 101 (2021): 108209.
39.Maritim, A.C., Sanders, R.A., and Watkins, J.B. "Diabetes, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidants: A Review." J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol. 17, no. 1 (2003): 24–38.
40.Pham-Huy, L.A., He, H., and Pham-Huy, C. "Free Radicals, Antioxidants in Disease and Health." IJBS 4, no. 2 (2008): 89–96.
41.Moussa, S.A. "Oxidative Stress in Diabetes Mellitus." Romanian J. Biophys. 18, no. 3 (2008): 225–236.
42.Tiwari, B.K., et al. "Markers of Oxidative Stress During Diabetes Mellitus." J. Biomarkers (2013): Article ID 378790.
43.Matkovics, B., Varga, S.I., Szabo, L., and Witas, H. "The Effect of Diabetes on the Activities of the Peroxide Metabolism Enzymes." Horm Metab Res 14 (1982): 77–79.
44.Aebi, H. "Catalase." In Methods of Enzymatic Analysis, edited by Bergmeyer HU, 673–678. Verlag Chemie: Weinheim, 1974.
45.Kesavulu, M.M., Rao, B.K., Giri, R., Vijya, J.S., and Subramanyam, A.C.H. "Lipid Peroxidation and Antioxidant Enzyme Status in Type 2 Diabetics with Coronary Heart Disease." Diabetes Res Clin Pract 53 (2001): 33–39.
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2024-12-31
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